Honors Anatomy and Physiology I

Next Generation Science Standard:

• Organisms have characteristic structures which enable functions and behaviors that allow them to grow, reproduce, and die. 
• How do the structures of organisms enable life’s functions?
• Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
• Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions change within some range. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.

PA STEELS Standards:

• 3.1.9-12.B Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
• 3.1.9-12.C Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis
   

• The difference between anatomy versus physiology and how they are interrelated.
• The biological levels of organization and the characteristics of each.
• Metabolism and why it is necessary.
• The major requirements of organisms.
• Homeostasis and its importance in survival.
• The parts of a homeostatic mechanism and how they function together.
• The locations of the major body cavities.
• The organ or organs located in each major body cavity.
• The membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
• The major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
• The general functions of each organ system.
• The terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.

• The basic body plan, how to locate and name the body parts. 
• How an organism maintains homeostasis in order to survive.
• The basic medical terminology used to locate and identify body parts and systems.
   

• Describe the major characteristics of life.
• Distinguish characteristics that apply to living versus non-living things.
• Describe the characteristics that are necessary for a human to survive.
• Put in order the atomic, molecular, cellular, organ, and organ system levels and state the earliest level that could be a living organism.
• Describe homeostasis and how an organism maintains homeostasis.
• Distinguish negative versus positive feedback mechanisms and when each would be used by a human.
• Apply anatomical terminology to describe planes of the body; regions of the body, and the organs that are located in each region.
• Name the different body systems and the overall role that each plays in the human body.
   

• How does the structure relate to function in the human body?
• How does the human body maintain homeostasis?
• How does the medical community identify and describe the human body?
   

• What are the different body parts and levels of complexity?
• What are the characteristics of life traits that all organisms share versus human life characteristics?
• What are the structures and functions of body parts that maintain the life of the organism?
• How is the human body organized?
• What is the language of Anatomy that allows investigators to communicate effectively? 
   

• Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology textbook edition 10
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Video and WS on homeostasis
• Keeping a Balance: homeostasis lab
• Feedback Mechanisms POGIL
• Anatomical terms puzzle
• Anatomical positions gummy bear lab
• Virtual Autopsy webquest
• Teacher generated guided readings
• Coloring/Labeling Body sections/parts worksheets
• Review Kahoot
   

• Unit 1 exam in Schoology
• Homeostasis Lab
• Guided readings
• Coloring/labeling worksheets
• Webquest
• Anatomical terms puzzle arrangement
• Virtual autopsy
   

Next Generation Science Standards: 

• Organisms have characteristic structures which enable functions and behaviors that allow them to grow, reproduce, and die. 
  • How do the structures of organisms enable life’s functions?
  • Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
  • Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions change within some range. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.

PA STEELS Standards:

• 3.1.9-12.B Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
• 3.1.9-12.C Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
   

• The four major tissue types and tell where each is located in the body.
• The general characteristics and functions of epithelial tissues.
• The types of epithelium, and for each type, identify an organ in which that type is found.
• The general cellular components, structures, fibers and extracellular matrix (where applicable) in each type of connective tissue.
• The major functions of each type of connective tissue.
• The distinguishing features of the four major types of membranes.
• The three types of muscle tissues and their characteristics.
• The general characteristics and functions of nervous tissue.

• How tissues are identified and classified into the four major types.
• The general characteristics and functions of the four tissues types.
• The difference between exocrine and endocrine glands and the function of glands.
   

• Identify various epithelial tissue samples.
• Identify various connective tissue samples.
• Identify various muscle tissue samples.
• Identify neurons versus neuroglial cells in nerve tissue samples.
• Describe the classification of epithelium in terms of cell shape and number of cell layers.
• Describe the special features and functions of the various epithelial tissues.
• Describe the special features and functions of the various connective tissues.
• Describe the special features and functions of the three types of muscle tissue.
• State the distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue.
• State the distinguishing characteristics of connective tissue .
• State the distinguishing characteristics of muscle tissue.
• State the distinguishing characteristics of nerve tissue.
• List the places in the body where epithelial tissue is located.
• List the places in the body where connective tissue is located.
• List the places in the body where muscle tissue is located.
• List the places in the body where nervous tissue is located.
• Identify and distinguish between the three types of exocrine glandular secretions.
• Distinguish between exocrine and endocrine glands.
   

•  How does the structure of a cell correlate with its function?
•  What are the distinguishing characteristics of the various tissues in the human body?
   

• How does one distinguish between and identify various epithelial tissues?
• How does one distinguish between and identify various connective tissues?
• How does one distinguish between and identify the three types of muscle tissue?
• How does one distinguish between and identify the two types of nervous tissue?

• Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology textbook edition 10
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Skin Cancer lab
• Stem Cell Lab
• Microscopes 
• Tissue sample slides
• Virtual webquest on histology
• Teacher generated guided readings
• Coloring/Labeling cell type labs (teacher generated)
• Review Kahoot
   

• Unit 2 exam in Schoology        
• Skin Cancer Lab
• Guided readings
• Coloring/labeling worksheets
• Webquest on cell types
• Microscope work for each tissue type
   

Next Generation Science Standards:  

• Organisms have characteristic structures which enable functions and behaviors that allow them to grow, reproduce, and die. 
• How do the structures of organisms enable life’s functions?
• Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
• Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions change within some range. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.

PA STEELS Standards:

• 3.1.9-12.B Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
• 3.1.9-12.C Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
   

• The general function of skin.
• The tissue in the outer layer of the skin.
• The tissues in the inner layers of the skin.
• The tissues in the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin.
• The functions of the subcutaneous layer.
• How the epidermis is formed.
• The difference between stratum basale and stratum corneum.
• The function of melanin.
• The factors that influence skin color.
• The three types of skin cancer and their characteristics.
• The main cause(s) of skin cancer.
• The identifying factors for melanoma.
• The kinds of tissues that make up the dermis.
• The functions of the dermal layers.
• The structure of the nail bed.
• How hair forms.
• The function of sebaceous glands.
• The differences between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
• Why regulation of body temperature is so important.
• How the body dissipates excess heat.
• What actions help the body conserve heat.
   

• The characteristics of the various layers of the skin and how their structure relates to their function.
• The feedback mechanisms involved in regulating body temperature.
• The difference between the four types of skin cancer and how lethal they are.
   

• Define organ, and name the large organ of the integumentary system.
• List the general functions of the skin.
• Describe the structure of the layers of skin.
• Summarize the factors that determine skin color.
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of each accessory structure of the skin.
• Explain how skin helps regulate body temperature.

• What major functions does the integumentary system contribute to keeping the human body functioning?
• What major accessory structures are derived from epithelial cells and what functions do they serve?
   

• What are the different levels that comprise epithelial tissue?
• What structures can be found within the epithelium and dermis?
• How are fingerprints produced and what does studying them teach us?
• Do certain parts of the body have more vs less skin layers, and if so, why?
• What selective advantage(s) is there for darker skin color?
• What selective advantage(s) is there for lighter skin tones?
• How can a person lower their risk of skin cancer?
• Where is melanin produced and what types of melanin are there?
• How/where is hair formed and what is it’s function?
• How/where are nails formed and what are nails composed of?

• Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology textbook edition 10
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Microscopes 
• Tissue sample slides
• Teacher generated guided readings
• Coloring/Labeling cell type labs (teacher generated)
• Review Kahoot
   

• Unit 3 Exam
• Skin Cancer Webquest
• Sticky Fingers Lab
• Hair Lab
• Nail Lab
• HHMI Biology of Skin Color WS
   

Next Generation Science Standards:

• Organisms have characteristic structures which enable functions and behaviors that allow them to grow, reproduce, and die. 
  • How do the structures of organisms enable life’s functions?
  • Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
  • Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions change within some range. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.

PA STEELS Standards:

• 3.1.9-12.B Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
• 3.1.9-12.C Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.

• The steps involved in the healing of wounds.
• How to classify burns based on their severity.
• Common skin diseases and disorders, their signs and symptoms, and how to treat them.
• How to collaborate with others to produce a google presentation.

• How a superficial and deep wound heals.
• How burns are classified and treated.
• The signs, symptoms and treatment modalities for common skin disorders and diseases.

• Describe the steps involved in wound healing.
• Research and create a presentation about a skin disorder/disease.
• Identify common skin diseases and disorders.
• State how various skin diseases and disorders are treated. 
   

• How are wounds categorized and what stages do they go through in the healing process?
• What is the classification system for burns? And how are burns treated?
• What are the most common skin conditions and disorders? And how are they treated?
   

• What are the steps of wound healing and what cells perform this process?
• How is the healing of superficial breaks in the skin different from the healing of deeper wounds?
• How are burns classified and treated?
• How are skin disorders classified, diagnosed, and treated? 
   

• Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology textbook edition 10
• Reliable Internet Sources
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Review Kahoot
   

• Unit 4 Exam
• Google presentation
   

Next Generation Science Standards:

• Organisms have characteristic structures which enable functions and behaviors that allow them to grow, reproduce, and die. 
  • How do the structures of organisms enable life’s functions?
  • Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
  • Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions change within some range. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.

PA STEELS Standards:

1. 3.1.9-12.B Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
2. 3.1.9-12.C Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
    

• The active tissues in bone.
• The macroscopic and microscopic structure of bone.
• The function of the various parts of bone.
• The difference between infant/child’s bones and adult bone.
• The purpose of fontanels in infants.
• The bones of the cranium and face.
• The bones of the pectoral girdle.
• The bones of the pelvic girdle.
• The bones of the spinal column (cervical, thoracic and lumbar).
• The purpose of intervertebral disks and what happens to these disks as a person ages.
• How bones are classified.
• How joints are classified.
• The names of bones in the axial skeleton.
• The names of the bones in the appendicular skeleton.
• The major types of bone fractures and how they are repaired.
• The steps involved in bone healing which includes the role of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
• The diseases and disorders of bone and what causes them.
• The three main categories of joints based on their structure.
• The three main categories of joints based on their movement.
• The six types of synovial joints and examples of each.
• How calcium levels are regulated in bone and blood.
• The bony landmarks and their function.
• The significance of the difference between the male and female pelvis.
• The significance of the difference between adult and child bones.
• The significance of the difference between an adult and an infant/child’s skull.
   

• Why bone is an active and dynamic tissue.
• The structure and function of bones.
• How joints are classified and where various joint types are located.

• List the active tissues and cells in bone.
• Describe the macroscopic and microscopic structure of a long bone and list the functions of these parts.
• Distinguish between intramembranous and endochondral bones, and explain how these bones grow and develop.
• Describe/explain the major functions of bone.
• Explain how bones are classified.
• Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons, and name the major parts of each.
• Locate and identify the bones and the major features of the bones that compose the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pelvic girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb.
• Classify joints according to the type of tissue binding the bones together, describe their characteristics, and name an example of each.
• List six types of synovial joints, and describe the actions of each.
• Explain how skeletal muscles produce movements of joints, and identify several types of joint movements.
• Identify and describe the most common bone fractures and how they are treated.
• State the steps involved in fracture repair and what happens in each step.
• Describe the negative feedback mechanism that regulates calcium levels in the bone and blood.
• Memorize and identify bony landmarks and their functions.
• Compare the male to female pelvis and state why they are different.
• Explain how an adult skull differs from an infant skull and why they are different.
   

• What are the major parts of the skeletal system?
• What are the major functions of the skeletal system?
• How does damage to the skeletal system get repaired?
• What are the main types of joints and why are joints necessary?
• What disorders and diseases are related to the skeletal system?
   

• How does bone structure reflect its function?
• How are bones classified?
• What are the parts of a long bone and their functions?
• How is compact bone different from spongy bone?
• What is the difference between red and yellow marrow?
• Compare the roles of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts in bone development and maintenance.
   

• Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology textbook edition 10
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Bony Landmarks Videos and Worksheet
• Microscopes 
• Tissue sample slides
• Teacher generated guided readings
• Coloring/Labeling cell type labs (teacher generated)
• Skull Lab
• Mandible Lab and worksheet
• Long bone Lab
• Thoracic Cavity Lab (ribs, sternum, vertebral column)
• Whack a Bone (https://www.anatomyarcade.com/games/WAB/WAB5/WAB5.html)
• Big Data and Bone Fracture Lab
• Bone fracture examples 
• Review Kahoot
   

• Labs
• Cranial and Facial Bones Lab Practicum
• Intro to the Skeleton Exam
• Axial Skeleton Exam
• Appendicular Skeleton Exam
• Skeleton Lab Practicum
• Bone fracture project

Next Generation Science Standards:

• Organisms have characteristic structures which enable functions and behaviors that allow them to grow, reproduce, and die. 
  • How do the structures of organisms enable life’s functions?
  • Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
  • Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions change within some range. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.

PA STEELS Standards:

• 3.1.9-12.B Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
• 3.1.9-12.C Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.

• The various outcomes of muscle actions.
• How connective tissue is part of skeletal muscle.
• The major parts of skeletal muscle fiber and their descriptions.
• How nervous stimulation causes a muscle to contract.
• The steps involved in muscle fiber contractions.
• The energy sources for a muscle fiber contraction.
• What causes an oxygen debt in a muscle and how this causes muscle fatigue.
• The difference between a twitch, summation, and tetanus of a muscle.
• How muscle contractions work with the skeleton to move body parts and maintain tonus/posture.
• How a multiunit of smooth muscle is different from visceral smooth muscle.
• The differences and similarities between muscle contractions in skeletal and smooth muscle.
• The differences and similarities between muscle contractions in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
• How muscle origin and insertion points of muscle to bone make movements possible.
• The locations and actions of major skeletal muscles of the various body regions.

• The major muscles of body regions and various ways a muscle can contract and relax.
• How the skeletal and muscular system must work together in order to move many body parts.
• The similarities and differences of the three muscle types.

• Describe how muscles contract and relax.
• State what connective tissue does to bind muscle fibers and why this is needed.
• Memorize and explain the chronological steps in a muscle contraction and what energy source is used to accomplish this.
• Explain what causes muscle fatigue and what mechanisms the body has to reverse this.
• Compare slow twitch to fast twitch and situations where each will be utilized.
• Compare simple twitch, summation and tetanus and when each would be used by the body.
• Identify twitch, summation and tetanus on a myogram.
• Explain how and why the skeletal and muscular systems work together.
• Describe what muscle tone is and what would cause a lack of muscle tone.
• Memorize various major muscles of the head, pectoral girdle, arms, and legs.

• What role does the muscular system play in movement?
• How do muscles contract and relax?
• How does the muscular system work together with the skeletal system?
• When the body uses the various muscle contraction types?
• What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contraction?
• What are the various major muscle groups in the human body?

• What are the different types of muscles?
• How are the different muscle types similar and how are they different?
• What is the neuromuscular junction?
• What is the sequence of chemical events that lead to a muscle contraction?
• What are the four different thick and thin filaments of a muscle and what does each do?
• What are the four parts to a muscle contraction?
• What is the all or none response?
• When does the body use fast twitch versus slow twitch?
• Why would the body use summation and tetanus?
• What causes muscle fatigue?
• Why do skeletal and muscular systems work together?
• How does muscle attach to bone in order to lead to movement?
• Describe the causes of muscle disorders such as myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy.
• What are the various muscles of each of the major muscle groups?
   

• Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology textbook edition 10
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Worksheet for labeling and coloring muscle groups
• Google slide link to muscle groups
• Teacher generated guided readings
• Khan academy videos
• Review Kahoot
   

• Muscle Unit Exam
• Muscle Gizmo
• Muscle ID quizzes