Health II

PA Academic Standards for Health, Safety, and Physical Education

• 10.1.12.B Evaluate factors that impact the body systems and apply protective preventive strategies (fitness level, environment (e.g., pollutants, available health care),  health status (e.g., physical, mental, social), nutrition).
• 10.1.12.C Analyze factors that impact the nutritional choices of adults (cost of food preparation (e.g., time, skills), consumer skills (e.g., understanding food labels, evaluating fads), nutritional knowledge, changes in nutritional requirements (e.g., age, physical activity level).
•  10.3.12.D Evaluate the benefits, risks, and safety factors associated with self-selected life-long physical activities.
• 10.4.12.B Analyze the effects of regular participation in a self-selected program of moderate to vigorous physical activities (social, physiological, psychological).
• 10.5.12.A Apply knowledge of movement skills, skill-related fitness and movement concepts to identify and evaluate physical activities that promote personal lifelong participation.
• 10.5.12.D Incorporate and synthesize knowledge of exercise principles, training principles and health and skill-related fitness components to create a fitness program for personal use.

• The impact of various environmental factors on an individual's overall health.
• Impact of nutritional choices on physical performance.
• Identification of various risks associated with physical activity and preventative strategies.
• Overall health benefits of daily physical activity. 
• Identify various exercise concepts that promote lifelong physical fitness.

• Environmental factors such as air and water quality, access to nutritious food, safe places to exercise, climate, and social environments all affect physical and mental health. Positive environments promote wellness, while negative conditions (pollution, unsafe neighborhoods, lack of resources) can increase health risks.
• Balanced nutrition fuels the body for physical activity, enhances endurance, and supports recovery. Poor dietary habits—such as inadequate hydration, low nutrient intake, or excessive processed foods—can lead to fatigue, decreased performance, and slower recovery.
• Risks include muscle strains, joint injuries, dehydration, and overuse issues. These can be prevented through proper warm-up and cool-down routines, correct technique, gradual progression, rest, hydration, and the use of appropriate safety equipment.
• Consistent exercise strengthens the heart, muscles, and bones; reduces the risk of chronic diseases; improves mood and mental clarity; lowers stress; and boosts overall self-esteem and energy levels.
• Incorporating principles like variety, balance, progression, and consistency helps maintain motivation and physical health over time. Developing habits such as setting realistic goals, choosing enjoyable activities, and maintaining regular routines promotes lifelong fitness.

• Analyze the environmental factors that influence each system of the human body, including how elements such as air quality, temperature, altitude, pollution, and lifestyle choices (e.g., sleep, stress, hydration) affect overall body function and performance.
• Evaluate how nutritional choices impact physical ability and performance, considering the roles of macronutrients, micronutrients, hydration, and timing of meals on energy levels, recovery, endurance, and long-term health outcomes.
• Examine the potential risks associated with various types of physical activity—such as overtraining, improper technique, dehydration, and environmental conditions—and develop preventative strategies to reduce injury risk and enhance safety during exercise.
• Explain the physical, mental, and social health benefits of engaging in regular physical activity, including improvements in cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, body composition, stress management, and overall quality of life.
• Assess personal fitness levels by performing key components of physical fitness testing, such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition, and interpret results to identify areas for improvement.
• Design and refine an individualized fitness program that incorporates goal setting, balanced exercise selection, progression principles, and self-monitoring techniques to support personal health, performance, and long-term wellness.

• How do environmental factors influence an individual’s overall health and well-being?
• In what ways do nutritional choices impact physical performance and energy levels?
• What are the potential risks associated with physical activity, and how can individuals prevent injury or overtraining?
• How does regular physical activity contribute to physical, mental, and emotional health?
• What exercise principles and habits can support lifelong physical fitness and wellness?
   

• How do the conditions in our home, community, and natural surroundings shape our opportunities to live a healthy lifestyle?
• In what ways can the foods and drinks we choose each day affect our body’s ability to perform, recover, and maintain energy?
• What strategies can individuals use to stay safe, avoid injury, and balance exercise intensity for long-term fitness?
• How does regular movement and exercise improve not only physical strength but also mental focus and emotional well-being?
• What daily habits and exercise principles can help individuals stay active, healthy, and motivated throughout their lives?

• Various YouTube video(s)
• Various Online Resources
• Teacher-Created Materials

• cardiovascular endurance
• muscular strength
• muscular endurance
• flexibility
• body composition
• specificity
• progression
• hydration
• FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type)
• homeostasis
• pollutants
• physical health
• mental health
• social health
• nutrition
• specificity
• progression
• health-related fitness
• Overload Principle
• macronutrients 
• micronutrients
• caloric intake
• metabolism
• body composition
• serving size
• training zones
• target heart rate
• aerobic
• anaerobic
• warm-up and cool-down
• motor skills
• coordination
• agility
• balance
• speed
• power
• reaction time
• skill-related fitness

• Teacher-Created Assessments 
• Summative Assessment 
• Formative Assessments

PA Academic Standards for Health, Safety, and Physical Education 

• 10.1.12 A. Evaluate factors that impact growth and development during adulthood and late adulthood. ( acute and chronic illness, communicable and non-communicable disease, health status).
• 10.1.12 E. Identify and analyze factors that influence the prevention and control of health problems. (research, medical advances, technology, government policies/regulations).
• 10.2.12 A. Evaluate health care products and services that impact adult health practices.
• 10.2.12 B. Assess factors that impact adult health consumer choices. (access to health information, access to health care, cost, safety).
• 10.2.12 E. Analyze the interrelationship between environmental factors and community health. (public health policies and laws/health promotion and disease prevention, individual choices/maintenance of environment, recreational opportunities/ health status).
• 10.4.12 C. Evaluate how changes in adult health status may affect the responses of the body systems during moderate to vigorous physical activity (aging, injury, disease).

• Understanding of how acute and chronic illness, communicable and non-communicable disease, and health status impact growth and development during adulthood and late adulthood.
• Knowledge of research, medical advances, technology, government policies/regulations, and how they influence the prevention and control of health problems. 
• The most current health care products and services that impact adult health practices.
• The interrelationship between environmental factors and community health. 
• The potential changes in the body’s response to injury, aging, and disease.

• Acute and chronic illnesses, as well as communicable and non-communicable diseases, affect physical, mental, and social growth from adulthood through late adulthood, shaping overall health status and quality of life.
• Ongoing research, medical advances, innovative technology, and government policies work together to prevent, manage, and control health problems, improving longevity and community well-being.
• Access to and awareness of current health care products, treatments, and preventive services empower adults to make informed decisions that enhance their health and manage disease risk.
• Environmental factors—such as air and water quality, housing, food access, and workplace safety—directly affect community health outcomes and influence the spread and management of disease.
• As people age or experience injury and illness, body systems adapt and respond differently, affecting strength, healing, immunity, and overall function across the lifespan.

• Examine the effects of acute and chronic illnesses, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and changes in health status on human growth and development, identifying how these conditions influence physical, emotional, cognitive, and social well-being across the lifespan.
• Analyze how advancements in research, medical technology, and healthcare innovations, along with government policies and public health regulations, contribute to the prevention, detection, and management of health problems at both individual and community levels.
• Evaluate the relationship between environmental factors—such as pollution, climate change, sanitation, access to clean water, housing, and community resources—and overall community health, explaining how these conditions contribute to disparities in wellness and disease outcomes.
• Explore how aging, injuries, and disease affect the body’s systems and overall function, focusing on physiological changes, recovery processes, and lifestyle adaptations that promote long-term health and quality of life.

• How do acute and chronic illnesses, communicable and non-communicable diseases influence growth, development, and overall health throughout adulthood and aging?
• In what ways do research, medical advances, technology, and government policies work together to prevent and control diseases and improve quality of life?
• How does access to health care products, services, and preventive resources empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health?
• How do environmental and lifestyle factors impact community health, and how does the body adapt to aging, injury, and disease over time?

• How do acute and chronic illnesses, as well as communicable and non-communicable diseases, influence growth, development, and overall health during adulthood and late adulthood?
• How do research, medical advances, technology, and government policies work together to prevent, manage, and control health problems in adults?
• How do health care products and services, along with access to accurate health information, influence adult health practices and decision-making?
• In what ways do environmental factors, public health policies, and individual choices interact to affect community health and personal well-being?
• How do aging, injuries, and disease affect the body’s response to moderate and vigorous physical activity, and what strategies can adults use to maintain health and function?
   

• Various Online Resources
• Teacher-Created Materials

• acute Illness
• chronic Illness
• communicable disease non-communicable disease
• The Americans with Disabilities Act
• sprain
• strain
• fracture
• hypothermia
• frostbite
• sunburn
• windburn
• heat stroke
• heat exhaustion
• genetics 
• heredity
• heart disease
• blood pressure

• Formative Assessments            
• Summative Assessments
• Teacher-Created Assessments    

PA Academic Standards for Health, Safety, and Physical Education

• 10.1.12.D Evaluate issues relating to the use/non-use of drugs. (psychology of addiction, social impact (e.g., cost, relationships, chemical use and fetal development, laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, and chemical substances, impact on the individual, impact on the community).
• 10.3.12.A  Assess the personal and legal consequences of unsafe practices in the home, school, or community (loss of personal freedom, personal injury, loss of income, impact on others, loss of motor vehicle operator’s license).

• The stages and the impact of addiction.
• The impact addiction has on individuals and the community.
• The health impacts alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (A.T.O.D)  have on body systems.
• The impact A.T.O.D. have on fetal development.    
• Understand the legal implications associated with substance abuse. 

• Addiction is a progressive brain disease that affects behavior, health, and decision-making.
• Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs damage every major body system and can cause lifelong harm.
• Substance abuse impacts not only individuals, but also families, schools, and communities.
• Laws, education, and prevention exist to reduce harm and protect public health.

• Classify the major categories of substances—such as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, narcotics, and inhalants—and identify specific examples within each category, explaining their general effects on the brain and body.
• Analyze how substance abuse affects each body system, including the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems, and explain both the short-term and long-term health consequences of continued misuse.
• Explain the legal and social consequences associated with substance abuse, including laws related to possession, distribution, and use, as well as the impact on employment, education, and personal relationships.
• Differentiate between medicines and drugs by defining their purposes, regulation, and potential for misuse, and explain how proper medication use promotes health while misuse can lead to dependency or harm.
• Investigate various commonly used and abused substances—such as alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, opioids, and prescription medications—and evaluate their individual physical, mental, and social effects on short- and long-term health outcomes.
• Describe the legal implications and potential penalties associated with the use, possession, or distribution of illegal substances, and discuss how law enforcement, prevention programs, and community initiatives aim to reduce substance-related harm.

•  How do unsafe choices at home, in school, or in the community impact a person’s health, freedom, and future opportunities?
• What personal, social, and legal factors influence decisions to use or avoid alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs?
• How does substance use affect individuals physically, mentally, and emotionally, and what are the broader consequences for families and communities?
• In what ways do laws and safety practices protect people from harm, and how do our choices support or challenge those protections?
   

• How can unsafe actions in daily life lead to personal injury, legal trouble, or financial loss?
• What motivates people to use or avoid alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, and how does addiction influence decision-making?
• How does substance use affect not only the user’s health and relationships but also the safety and well-being of others?
• Why do laws exist to regulate alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, and what are the legal outcomes for those who break them?

• Various Online Resources
• Teacher-Created Materials​​​​​​

• drug
• addiction
• vaccines
• antibiotics
• antivirals
• oral medication
• injected medication
• topical medication
• inhaled medication
• additive interaction
• synergist interaction
• antagonist interaction
• substance use
• substance misuse
• substance abuse
• dependence
• addiction
• relapse
• recovery
• treatment
• tolerance
• withdrawal
• second-hand smoke
• overdose
• side stream
• mainstream
• peer pressure
• carcinogen
• alcoholism 
• binge drinking
• Good Samaritan Law
• alcohol
• tobacco
• nicotine
• prescription drugs
• illicit drugs
• depressants
• stimulants
• hallucinogens
• opioids
• inhalants

• Formative assessment
• Summative Assessment
• Teacher-created assignments